Mira Nair s Monsoon Wedding - 1560 Words

Mira Nair I first remember hearing about Mira Nair last year, not in my Introduction to Cinema class but from my half-Indian friend who praised Mira Nair’s Monsoon Wedding. It should be noted that my first film teacher was a white man, older than sixty and not concerned with women directors; out of the sixteen films screened for the semester, two were directed by women and none by women of color. Mira Nair has a unique understanding that she is fighting a long and slow battle for her films to be made relevant. Because of her race and gender, the system is against her. Thankfully, Mira Nair creates her films for herself and usually based on her own experiences and thoughts and is not waiting around for people to give her chances, she is taking them. She is a radical, feminist filmmaker with the way that she makes her own actions of making all type of films (shorts, documentaries, and fiction films) and packs a meaning behind them with her themes that are intended to make her audiences ex perience impressions of the life she has lived. Mira Nair’s social location lies in multiple spheres. She is a brown, Indian woman who has lived in America, Uganda, and North India for residence. She has also visited lots of places for research of her films. Nair has been an immigrant, a young woman, an old woman, and those are just the obvious class divides. She has also suffered from classism in India. Nair has lived working as a poor student and artist, trying to survive and still promoteShow MoreRelatedSocial Issues in the Movie Monsoon Wedding1121 Words   |  5 PagesMonsoon Wedding, a Bollywood film directed by Mira Nair and released in 2001, earned just above $30 million at the box office [1]. The film brilliantly depicts romantic entanglements during a traditional Punjabi wedding in Delhi, while delicately handling sensitive issues such as child-abuse, pre-arranged marital infidelity, growing old and striving to be different as an upper middle class Indian boy, or being a flirtatious, bored but basically settled N RI (non-resident Indian) housewife. The filmRead MoreDoes Film Play An Important Role On The Way People Understand Religious Concepts?3925 Words   |  16 PagesCertification of India cites on its website that every three months an audience as large as India s billion-strong population visits cinema halls. Indian films are popular in various parts of the world, especially in countries with significant Indian communities. Cinema was introduced to India on July 7, 1896. It began with the Lumiere Brothers Cinematography, unveiling six silent short films at the Watson s Hotel in Bombay, namely Entry of Cinematographe, The Sea Bath, Arrival of a Train, A DemolitionRead MoreHanson Production18651 Words   |  75 Pagesacquiring an ample equity share in these companies (Desai 2007). In this regard on 24 January 2005, Percept Picture Company associated with Michael Douglas’ production company Further Films and Sahara One to co-produce the $50-million Racing the Monsoon. Also on 1 September Sahara declared one more alliance, and this time with a Hollywood producer Donald Rosenfeld for Tree of Life starring Colin Farrell. These are two among a total of six Hollywood coproductions. (Kohli- Khandekar 2006.). On 20 OctoberRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 PagesExecutive Summary On December 3, 1984, toxic poisonous methyl isocyanate gas leaked from Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL s) pesticide plant in Bhopal. The gas leak triggered a disaster that is now widely recognized as the world worst industrial catastrophe. Thousands of people were killed instantly and more than 25,000 people have died of gas-related illnesses, several thousands more maimed for life since. Union Carbide negotiated a settlement with the Indian Government in 1989 for $470 million

Assignment Male and Probability - 1401 Words

| COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyDepartment of Mathematics | Course Title: | Business Maths amp; Stats (MTH469) | Class: MBT-3- A, B, C | Resource Person: | Muhammad Hamid Mahmood | Submission: will be informed in class | Assignment # 2 Q1 | What is the preferred way for people to order fast food? A survey was conducted in 2009, but the sample sizes were not reported. Suppose the results, based on a sample of 100 males and 100 females, were as follows:If a respondent is selected at random, what is the probability that he or she a. prefers to order at the drive-through? b. is a male and prefers to order at the drive-through? c. is a male or prefers to order at the drive-through? d. Explain the difference in the†¦show more content†¦d. What is the probability that the owner believes neither that the economy is a challenge for growth nor that finding qualified workers is a challenge for growth? | | | Q6 | A study by Peter D. 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What is the probability that the adult has some college education and owns no stock? | | | Q7 | A study by Becker Associates, a San Diego travel consultant, found that 30% of the traveling public said that their flight selections are influenced by perceptions of airline safety. Thirty-nine percent of the traveling public wants to know the age of the aircraft. Suppose 87% of the traveling public who say that their flight selections are influenced by perceptions of airline safety wants to knowShow MoreRelatedRandomne ss and Points Essay700 Words   |  3 Pagesconfirming that your work is your own.   The note should say, I have completed this assignment myself, working independently and not consulting anyone.   Your submitted quiz will be accepted only if you have included this statement.       I have completed this assignment myself, working independently and not consulting anyone    1. John made an experiment by tossing three fair coins. 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Real Options Theory in Strategic Management

Question: Discuss about the Real Options Theory in Strategic Management. Answer: Woolworths limited is a major Australian company, which has the specialisation in the retailing sector. The business of this organisation is also popular in New Zealand. Eden Ackermann (2013) mentioned that Woolworths is the second largest organisation by revenue in Australia. Woolworths opened its first outlet in the year of 1924 in Sydney. On the other hand, Woolworths has also grocery store chain in Australia owned by Woolworths limited. The Headquarter of this company is at Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia. Woolworths form a duopoly market in the Australian supermarkets, along with the accounting of 80% of the Australian super market. Woolworths has the specialisation is the selling groceries such as vegetables, fruits, meat, packaged foods etc. Woolworths presently operates 980 stores throughout the Australia. In this connection, it can be stated that some of the Woolworths supermarkets trade as Safeway store. The stores are located in Victoria, consisting three outlets in Melbournes suburbs as well as in the surrounding areas. On the other hand, four stores are also situated in rural region of Victoria and in the southern New South Wales. According to Rothaermel (2015), it can be mentioned that Woolworths has initiated loyalty scheme, which include a large number of incentives for purchasing stores by subsidising the petrol prices at the Caltex Woolworths petrol stations. On the contrary, the company has announced a loss of $1.235 billion in the year of 2016. Due to the loss of $2 billion in masters business and in Big W businesses, the performance of Woolworths has decreased in 2016. Identify and evaluate the organisations current strategy In order to discuss the business strategy of an organisation, it is necessary to discuss the goal of the organisation. The goal of the business of Woolworths is to give priority to the consumers of the organisation at the first position. To achieve this business goal, Woolworths has aimed to the five business strategies. Woolworths build a consumer and store led culture and team. Secondly, it formulates sustainable sales momentum in grocery. Thirdly, this organisation evolves drinks to the business in order to provide more valuation and convenience to the purchasers. Fourthly, Woolworths empower the portfolio business to follow the organisation strategies in order to deliver the shareholders valuation. Lastly, Barney Hesterly (2015) opined that Woolworths become a lean retailer in terms of end to end procedure. More specifically, it can be mentioned that the business strategy of Woolworths is focused upon the three major principles such as offer, growth and efficiency. As per the principle of offer, Woolworths is improving the basic offer to assure that the purchasers put the company first. The growth strategy highlights the business innovations to achieve the necessities of the consumers. Lastly, the efficiency is helpful to create the further consumer valuation by arranging success. In addition, Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes (2015) cited that efficiency strategy also follow to execute the lean retail model in their business. In addition, it can be stated Woolworths has aimed to the building of retail tem, who are listening to the consumers, other team members and also the suppliers. Therefore, in this purpose, it can be mentioned that Woolworths always tried to give priority to the stakeholders of the organisation. In addition, the organisation also focused to collect daily feedback from the consumers, which can make the performance of the organisation better from the previous. As a result, the team of Woolworths always aimed to improve the shopping experience of the consumers. The drink business of Woolworths such as Dan Murphy and BWS always aimed to implement innovation in their business in order to provide the optimum valuation as well as convenience to the consumers, in their outlets and in online. From the above figure, it can be observed that the business strategy of Woolworths is depending upon five main components. They mainly work as a team. In this respect, Morden (2016) mentioned to maintain their teamwork, communication among the management and the workers require to be greater. In addition, they tried to reduce the price of the products in order to make the business successful. The consumers are willing to purchase the products from this company. In this context, Frynas Mellahi (2015) opined that Woolworths always focused to the new pricing and the value strategy, which can neutralise the competition with Coles and Aldi. The business performance of Coles and Aldi also make an impact on the sales of Woolworths. Woolworths include lower pricing and better ranging. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the key concept of Woolworths regarding the pricing structure of the products can be described as higher quality and better price. Moreover, it can be noted that to make a business successful, the organisation requires to keep update their products. Hence, Woolworths aimed to develop their cohesive brand in order to expand their business more in the national market as well as in the global markets. They also provide their consumers offers on the selling products. This can increase the sales of the organisation. Moreover, Woolworths also offer the consumers loyalty program. This organisation sometimes provides discounts to their customers, so that they feel interested to purchase the products from their stores. Changing business strategy: As per the statement of Carroll, Primo Richter (2016), it can be stated that the business of retailing sectors never stand still. This is the reason why Woolworths always change their business strategy as per the changing business environment. It is depending upon the demand of the consumers. Woolworths are responding this new era by following three manners: They are placing their clients at the heart of the organisation. They are listening what is the consumers requirements. Lastly, they aimed to create new and innovative techniques to shop with them and make a long-term relationship with the company. The future transaction: Woolworths has aimed to implement mobile technology in the business. In this context, Stead Stead (2013) opined that most of the consumers are willing to purchase the products through online rather visiting the store. As a result, the consumers can purchase products from each of the corner of the world. Customers want to move effortlessly between physical and the virtual stores in this term. In addition, Woolworths include websites, mobile apps, delivery options and the virtual stores. It can be identified that Woolworths serves approximately 18 million consumers in each of the week and they value each of the consumers. The organisation rewards their loyalty to earn the consumers. In addition, Woolworths aims to provide unique money off proposition. According to Hubbard, Rice Galvin (2014), Woolworths reward program is the most attractive super market loyalty program of Australia. It provides the members of the organisation the capacity of earning Woolworths dollars as well as get money off their shopping. On the other hand, it can be added that Woolworths tried to communicate with the consumers and they listen the consumers in order to give them priority. In this purpose, they tried to take feedback from the consumers in order to improve their performance and the consumer experiences. Furthermore, Certo et al., (2016) cited that consumer talkback is a new initiative. With the help of this strategy, the consumers are able to provide the feedback directly to the management of Woolworths. Therefore, a better understanding between the management and the stakeholders has developed. Woolworths has developed a relationship of trust with the stakeholders in order to make a long-term relationship. In addition, Trigeorgis Reuer (2017) mentioned that this retail organisation focused on the three basic business strategies such as collaboration, fairness and the sources. Value chain activities of Woolworths: Woolworths mission statement is strives to provide the customers the freshest products. Therefore, all the value creating functions of this company involved in the delivery of firms promises: Woolworths controls the distribution network of the manufacturing goods. Within these activities there are two effective functions such as: Procurement and logistic. Procurement Nationalise the purchasing behaviour in order to meet the higher cost savings. The stringent certification method ensures greater quality of products. Logistic Ownership and the operational control involved in the distribution chain. Using of modern technology, which assures the optimal distribution efficiency as well as the cost cutting (Davidsson, Wennberg McKelvie, 2016). The two primary activities of operations are quality assessment and the inventory management. Quality assessment deals with the standardise production, which can detect and then remove the detective products from the manufacturing products. Vogel Gttel (2013) opined that inventory management can predict whether the demand for the retail products will be increased or decreased. In order to increase sales, Woolworths mainly aimed to follow two activities such as in store promotion and the organisational dynamism. As per the concept off in store promotion, the organisation can achieve the short-term sales, whereas organisational dynamism focused to the continuous investment approach in the consumer research. The organisation can also efficiently compete with the others in the market. Evaluate the suitability of the organisational business strategy In order to identify and evaluate the organisations current business strategy of Woolworths, it is necessary to discuss the external and thee internal factors, which influence the performance of the organisation. Therefore, organisational performance can be measured in the following manner: Woolworths is a renowned organisation in the Australian retailing sector. According to Mitchell Leiponen (2014), the political environment of the country is associated with the performance of the company and the retail organisation will be affected by the political climate of the country. Moreover, political condition will give a shape to the environment of the business. As a result, the growth opportunities of thee organisation will be increased. The foreign investors as well as the trading partners can carry out the business related operations, which in turn affect the organisational performance. Somsuk Laosirihongthong (2014) added that political disturbances demotivate the business and the investors from entering into the market. The risks, which arise due to the lower rate of return, make a negative impact on the organisational performance of Woolworths. However, the rate of risk is lower in the business of Woolworths. The economic factors, which influence the financial performance of Woolworths, are recession and the higher unemployment rate of the country. This will in turn lowering down the sales and the financial health of the organisation. On the other hand, due to global financial crisis, the organisation has been suffering from some serious issues in financial aspect. Carraher (2014) mentioned that Woolworths suffer from a major loss when the company has its operation in UK. The rate of unemployment was then increased and near about 30000 employees was jobless during that time. The consumers are the major source of revenue earning for the business entity. Therefore, the target market and the development plan of Woolworths have aimed to the necessity of the consumers experience as it can increase the sales and the profitability. In addition, Woolworths focused to introduce new means of completing the consumers requirements. This would in turn emphasize the notion of consumer delight. In addition, Rao et al., (2015) mentioned that the position of the outlets of Woolworths is required to be convenient, so that the consumers would like to visit the stores. The organisation has offered lowest prices of the products; which can be afforded by the visitors. Lastly, in this connection, it is necessary to mention that Woolworths has launched loyalty program for the consumers in order to maintain a long-term relationship with them. Technological factors: The use of RFID technology is helpful to manage the operation of inventory of Woolworths. With the help of this technology, the store visitors will be able to identify the stock availability of Woolworths. In order to support the operation of technology, Woolworths has implemented Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in their operation. According to Greco, Cricelli Grimaldi (2013), the retailing sector requires to recognise and then incorporate the technologies in order to hold a stronger position in the industry. On the other hand, Woolworths has aimed to start self-service check out. However, Engert, Rauter Baumgartner (2016) argued that consumers do not accept the self-service check out strategy and it has created a negative impact on the consumers. Hill, Jones Schilling (2014) mentioned that taxation policies and the employee management regulation are the basic two legal frameworks of Woolworths. In addition, food-licensing requirements are the major aspect, which can make an impact on performance of retailing sector. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that if Woolworths will plan to open a new store in the different region, then it requires to take the permission of government. Therefore, legal permission is required for opening of new stores. The environmental aspect of Woolworths is reflected due to the use of eco-friendly business practices. The main purpose is to reduce the harmful effect on the environment. Therefore, Woolworths has invested its natural sources in order to mitigate the carbon footprint of the business. In addition, it is possible to reduce the wastage of the natural resources such as water of the organisation. This will in turn recycle the activities, which can reduce the quantity of wastages. Moreover, the sustainability practices of the company will focus to the sourcing of food practices. After analysing the above organisational strategies, it can be recommended that if Woolworths implement fair price policy and employee engagement these two alternative strategies in their business, then the performance of this organisation will be improved more in the future. Higher employee engagement will improve the overall performance of the organisation. It can be recommended that Woolworths require to focus to frame its own strategy consistently, which can predominate the political issues across the country. The organisation requires to adapt the strategy of fair price policy to the consumers. Evaluate the implemented strategy In this section, this study will evaluate whether the organisational strategies of Woolworths make its business successful or not, whether the strategies will be able to improve the performance of the organisation. As per the statement of Eden Ackermann (2013), it is found that Woolworths is at first position in the Australian retail industry. The leadership position of this company has increased the capacity of the organisation in case of exploit the overall market potential. The technological resources are supposed to be helpful to increase their organisational performance. These technological resources influence to reduce the carbon footprints and able to find out the cost efficient technique. Cost efficient technique is also benefitted to reduce the packaging and can achieve the wastage of zero food value by the year of 2015. Moreover, Barney Hesterly (2015) opined that this retail company highlights the good growth in their business. On the other hand, it can be added that Woolworths is good at their supply chain management. Customer lifestyle has also changed and this will in turn make an influence on the growth of Woolworths. As per the statement of Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes (2015), in the countrys economy, Woolworths has a greater impact. With the passage of time, the financial performance of the organisation has been increasing. Therefore, the revenue earning and the sales volume of Woolworths have also risen. This proves that Woolworths is able to contribute a larger portion of national income to the economy. Therefore, the existing strategies, which are followed by Woolworths, can significantly increase the rate of GDP of the country. In addition, rise in thee sales volume has increased the rate of employment to the company. In this context, it can be mentioned that in order to increase the productivity, Woolworths also tried to recruit labours that are more efficient. Therefore, it can be inferred that the rate of unemployment off the company will be decreased. Morden (2016) cited that the economic well-being of the country will be improved. However, Frynas Mellahi (2015) criticised that Woolworths tried to treat its consumers as the monopolists. Woolworths aimed to set affordable and comparatively prices of the products. Hence, the consumers are willing to purchase the products from this company. Therefore, it makes a bad impact on the other retailers of the country. As a result, Australian government has restricted the movement of this organisation such as government prevent the capability to set the prices of the products. On the other hand, Woolworths belongs to the monopolistic competitive market and make a tough competition with Coles. Therefore, it can be predicted that the overall sales structure of Woolworths has affected. Furthermore, it can be added that government intervention has an adverse impact in the growth of Australian retailing sector. Identify the key issues and recommendations Woolworths has been carrying out a business assessment, which describes the important business strategies. These strategies are helpful to improve the performance of the organisation. The performance of the organisation demonstrates that Woolworths has aimed to achieve the higher growth level in their organisational activities. The growth is mainly associated by the strong commitment towards the subordinates and the employees. However, the external environmental conditions make an effect on the Australian retail sector. This will in turn indicates that the determinants such as political factors and the government intervention can change the social patterns and trends of the business. The consumers will also be affected indirectly. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that the indirect economic conditions reflect the competitive business environment situations. As a result, the growth strategy of Woolworths will be affected in an adverse way. By identifying the shortcomings of the o rganisations, the following recommendations can be developed: It can be recommended that Woolworths needs to implement innovative techniques and strategies in the production process. Woolworths can organise a monthly award program for the best employee of the month. This will increase the performance of the individual. As a result, the productivity of the company will be increased. The consumer social trends ensure the perfect business dynamism as it can address the business objectives. In addition, it can be added that these trends will be able to increase the growth level of the organisation (Carroll, Primo Richter, 2016). Additional training and the development mechanism can increase the skills and knowledge of the employees. The consumers will get better service from the company and they will show their interest in case of purchasing the products from this retail store. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that high-level employee engagement strategy can increase the performance of the employees. They also require encouraging their performance. This will in turn increase the level of trust among the managers and the employees. Next, Woolworths requires to find out the shortcomings or the difficulties what they have faced during their organisational operations. After the identification, Woolworths can implement new business strategies in order to mitigate the organisational weak points. Conclusion This study has highlighted the organisational operation of Australias largest retailer store, Woolworths. The above analysis demonstrated that Woolworths mainly aim to meet the consumers requirement. The major principles of this company are offer, growth and the efficiency. In order to improve their revenue earning, Woolworths used to offer their products to the consumers at a comparatively cheaper price. Woolworths has a tough competition with Coles in the retailing industry of Australia. On the other hand, this study also described that sometimes government intervention make a negative impact on the business. Government can impose tax on the products in order to give opportunity to the importers, which will in turn boost up the countrys trading situation and the countrys economy. Therefore, strategy of fair price policy requires to implement to the organisation in order to minimise this unfavourable situation. References Barney, J. B., Hesterly, W. (2015).Strategic management and competitive advantage concepts and cases. Pearson. Carraher, S. (2014). ACADEMY OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL.Academy of Strategic Management Journal,13(2). Carroll, R. J., Primo, D. M., Richter, B. K. (2016). Using item response theory to improve measurement in strategic management research: An application to corporate social responsibility.Strategic Management Journal,37(1), 66-85. Certo, S. T., Busenbark, J. R., Woo, H. S., Semadeni, M. (2016). Sample selection bias and Heckman models in strategic management research.Strategic Management Journal. Davidsson, P., Wennberg, K., McKelvie, A. (2016). ACE research vignette 055: The strategic management of high-growth firms. Eden, C., Ackermann, F. (2013).Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Engert, S., Rauter, R., Baumgartner, R. J. (2016). Exploring the integration of corporate sustainability into strategic management: a literature review.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, 2833-2850. Frynas, J. G., Mellahi, K. (2015).Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA. Greco, M., Cricelli, L., Grimaldi, M. (2013). A strategic management framework of tangible and intangible assets.European Management Journal,31(1), 55-66. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hubbard, G., Rice, J., Galvin, P. (2014).Strategic management. Pearson Australia. Mitchell, W., Leiponen, A. (2014). Virtual Special Issue on Innovation, Intellectual Property and Strategic Management.Strategic Management Journal. Morden, T. (2016).Principles of strategic management. Routledge. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., Zentes, J. (2015).Strategic international management. Springer. Rao, I. M., Arango, J., Ishitani, M., Peters, M., Miles, J., Tohme, J., ... Van der Hoek, R. (2015). Strategic management for forage production and mitigation of environmental effects: Development of Brachiaria grasses to inhibit nitrification in soil. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Somsuk, N., Laosirihongthong, T. (2014). 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Joseph Haydn Essays - Joseph Haydn, Mathias Haydn, Rohrau, Austria

Joseph Haydn Joseph Haydn was without a doubt one of the greatest composers of his day. He was loved very much as both a man and a musician, and unlike many other composers when he died in 1809. he was one of the most celebrated composers in the world. Haydn once said, Young people can see from my example that something can still come from nothing, but what I am is the result of dire necessity. And it was very true. The story of Haydn was a classic story of rags to riches. His father, Mathias Haydn (1699-1763), was a wheelwright who after traveling through Germany settled in Rohrau, a village in Austria near the border of Hungary. A year later, Mathias married Anna Maria Koller (1707-1754), and on April 1, 1732, Franz Joseph Haydn was born. He was the eldest of twelve children, six of whom never lived past infancy. They lived in a quiet, modest home, which was always kept neat and tidy. Music played a big role in the Haydn home. Mathias, through years of travel, learned how to play the harp and would come home after work and practice. He and his wife would sing Austrian folk songs along to the music, and the children quickly caught on. This was a nightly ritual and one night a distant cousin named Johann Mathias Franck visited the Haydn family in Rohrau. Franck was the school rector from Haimburg and was responsible for the music there. When he saw the family singing after dinner, he took particular notice to the young Joseph Haydn who was strumming his arm with a stick, pretending he was playing the violin. It was clear that Joseph had a natural talent for music, since he kept time and pitch perfectly without ever having any musical training. As a result, Franck offered to take Joseph back to Haimburg with him and give him an education in music, which would most definitely lead him to becoming a clergyman. Because his parents had a great deal of respect for the clergy, they jumped at the opportunity, and when he was only six years old he left for Haimburg. There he was under a very strict schedule which included lessons in reading, writing, and catechism, followed by Mass in the church, and of course instruction in singing and playing almost all wind and string instruments. Joseph also learned to play the timpani, and did so in a Holy Week procession. He had a deep love for music and was very grateful for his stay at Haimburg. He once said, I shall owe it to that man [Franck] even in my grave that he taught me so many things, though in the process I have received more thrashings than food. In 1740, Karl Georg Reutter, the music director of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna came to Hainburg in search of new, young boys to replace the older ones whose voices broke. Haydn was immediately recommended, and after singing a few pieces for Reutter, the badly nourished boy was taken in as a new student to the Choir School at St. Stephen's Cathedral, where he would remain for the next nine years. Haydn loved Vienna and was impressed greatly by all the fine music surrounding the city. his life in the Cathedral was hard, however, and the schedule once again was rigorous. There were lessons in Latin, math, and all the academic studies, as well as classes in singing, violin, and percussion. However, there was no teaching of composition or theory, and Haydn often claimed that he never had a proper teacher. As a matter of fact, it was often the older boys teaching the younger boys. This meant Joseph was often the teacher of his younger brother, Michael, who joined the choir a few years later. His other brother, Johann Evangelist, also joined the choir and together the boys had a great time. There were many concerts outside the cathedral, which were looked forward to with great excitement. This was because the amount of food at the Cathedral was very limited and during concerts the boys were often treated to fine meals. All of the fun soon ended when Haydn's voice broke and he